منابع مشابه
the obstacles of formation civil society in russia
for many political observers, the collapse of the soviet :union: would lead to accelerate the process of democratization in all the remained countries from this event, especially russia. but very soon it was clear that the country is confronted with many critical obstacles in this way. the considerable weakness of the civil society and its institutions along with the legacy of centralized power...
متن کاملCivil Service and Patronage in Bureaucracies∗
We develop a model of government personnel policy with electoral competition in an effort to understand when high quality bureaucracies will be created and sustained. In the model, two parties compete for office over an infinite horizon, and politicians in office choose a mix between civil servants (who produce public goods in a good bureaucracy) and patronage appointees (who produce private go...
متن کاملthe role of russia in transmission of energy from central asia and caucuses to european union
پس ازفروپاشی شوروی،رشد منابع نفت و گاز، آسیای میانه و قفقاز را در یک بازی ژئوپلتیکی انرژی قرار داده است. با در نظر گرفتن این منابع هیدروکربنی، این منطقه به یک میدانجنگ و رقابت تجاری برای بازی های ژئوپلتیکی قدرت های بزرگ جهانی تبدیل شده است. روسیه منطقه را به عنوان حیات خلوت خود تلقی نموده و علاقمند به حفظ حضورش می باشد تا همانند گذشته گاز طبیعی را به وسیله خط لوله مرکزی دریافت و به عنوان یک واس...
15 صفحه اولClinician-Scientists in Canada: Barriers to Career Entry and Progress
BACKGROUND Clinician-scientists play an important role in translating between research and clinical practice. Significant concerns about a decline in their numbers have been raised. Potential barriers for career entry and progress are explored in this study. METHODS Case-study research methods were used to identify barriers perceived by clinician-scientists and their research teams in two Can...
متن کاملCareer Barriers among Information Technology Undergraduate Majors
Structural changes in the economy have created an employment environment that dictates hiring selectivity within the information technology (IT) field. Higher employer expectations combined with a tighter career market have introduced challenging career barriers for IT undergraduate majors. Swanson and Woitke (1997) defined career barriers as “events or conditions, either within the person or i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Upravlenets
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2218-5003
DOI: 10.29141/2218-5003-2019-10-6-6